Activated Treg cells were increased in HIV patients, particularly considering the central memory subset. CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells displayed predominantly a central memory phenotype (CD45RA–CD27+), without differences between patients and healthy controls. Fewer than 50% of Treg cells expressed CD25, with differences in terms of CD127 expression between CD25+ and CD25(–) Treg cells. Moreover, there was a significant inverse correlation between CD4 counts and Treg cell levels. The percentage of Treg cells was increased significantly in HIV patients compared with controls. Treg cells were defined as CD4+forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+. Expression of CD25, CD45RA, CD27, CD127 and CD38 was assessed on these cells using polychromatic flow cytometry in 20 healthy controls, 20 HIV-monoinfected, 20 HCV-monoinfected and 31 HIV/HCV-co-infected patients. Herein, we report the level, phenotype and activation status of Treg cells in patients chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells have been involved in impaired immunity and persistence of viral infections.
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